photo credit: teresawer

There has been a recent wave of websites and TV shows about people starting their own business and following that path from bright idea and individual entrepreneur to small business start-up and then potentially to multinational, depending on the product or service. But what kind of audience are they broadcasting to? Well, it turns out a lot of us Brits want to start up our own small business. According to Business Link, over 10 million of us would like to start up our own business at some point.

So the encouragement is there and let’s face it, a lot of us like to be the boss. However, the whole process is easier said than done. The people who took part in the survey were asked what the main obstacle to starting up their own company was. Many cited financial concerns, be it the current UK financial climate or perhaps their own overdrafts, mortgages and debts. How would they cope if they started, but couldn’t generate enough initial funding to keep it going? After all, they’ve got the idea, the business plan, the desire, and maybe even a few colleagues. But how do they find the right people?

Well, for most of us non-millionaires, the main thing we need to do is to generate capital for the business. Since start-up companies have no established brand name and no financial records, loans are pretty much impossible. This means the entrepreneur needs to look at other ways of finding potential investment. This can be done via venture capital funding, courtesy of private investors that can run the business with you (basing their funding terms on how your business performs in the early stages of investment) or with business angels, also known as angel investors, who are usually individuals or groups of people that provide the investment in exchange for partial ownership of your company.

Where can we find these people? Well, several websites have made that gap a lot smaller. Sites like the Angel Investment Network allow UK entrepreneurs to post ideas for start-up businesses, along with details such as which market sector (be it within the UK or globally), industry niche, and what sort of investment you are looking for. The network also allows angel investors (both in the UK and abroad) to browse through entrepreneurs’ proposals based on their own investment criteria and interests. Business partnerships and new start-up companies are evolving on a daily basis, and the Angel Investment Network database now has over 60,000 members.

Mike Lebus works with UK entrepreneurs seeking investments, via the Angel Investment Network, which has since expanded into a worldwide network of websites that help entrepreneurs connect to angel investor groups around the world.

photo credit: A. www.viajar24h.com

You’ll almost certainly need to raise money to start up your company, unless you already have sufficient capital yourself. The typical costs of starting up are in obtaining premises, manufacturing your product if you have one, buying materials, stock or equipment, marketing and fees for external consultancy such as legal help, accountancy etc. Then when you’re off the ground, you’ll need working capital to keep you afloat in the gaps between paying your own invoices and receiving payment from customer invoices.

Again, your business plan is essential at this stage of setting up your business. In it you will already have scoped out what your money needs are and how you plan to raise the capital, and you’ll be using it to persuade potential investors and lenders of the benefits of funding your company. Your financial calculations in your business plan therefore need to be thorough and accurate and presented with confidence.

Everyone expects that they’ll be able to stick to their plans and only need to borrow the absolute minimum, but more often than not something unexpected crops up to throw a spanner in the works. It therefore makes good business sense to include a contingency element in the amount you request. It’s better to do that now and have the extra cash as a safeguard than it is to have to return to your lender or investor not far down the line to ask for more money. If it wasn’t in the original plan they are likely to be concerned about your financial ability and your request may be rejected.

How much money should you request? This question worries all start-up business owners. You want to make sure you have enough to keep you going without struggling, but how much will your investors or lenders be prepared to give? Most experts would advise that you should pitch somewhere in the middle – don’t leave yourself short by requesting the minimum, but at the same time don’t be greedy (and lazy) in asking for too much. You want to keep costs to a minimum and invest your money wisely in your company, while still having the security of a little extra for backup if required. What you borrow should give you a realistic challenge for your business but should not be too risky. And back up your calculation with evidence in your business plan – it has to be credible.

People raise money for their company in many different ways, not always from professional business investors or high street banks. How you raise your capital will depend on your business needs and your own circumstances. Here’s some information on various different sources of funding.

Your own money – if you have enough cash to spare, putting up your own money for the business means you don’t have to be in debt to anyone. It will also give you full freedom over the running of your company as you won’t be responsible to any other interested parties. On the other hand, you’re risking a lot personally by investing your own cash and you could lose it all – and not just your business, but perhaps also your home if you obtained the money by taking out a secured loan or increased your mortgage, for example. You should also be aware that personal borrowing rates often have much higher interest repayment rates than business deals.

People you know – if they have anything to spare, family and friends are often more willing to give you cash than external lenders or investors. Again, though, there is a high level of personal risk, both for your family or friends who could lose money, and for you – it can cause relationship tensions. If you do take money from family or friends, treat it as a formal business arrangement as you would with external funding and agree clear terms and conditions. You want to protect both your interests and ensure that there are no misunderstandings.

The bank – high street lenders usually have a variety of different packages and there’s usually something to meet everyone’s requirements. You’ll have to do a sales pitch to get your money though, and depending on financial circumstances you might also be required to find a guarantor or provide some sort of security. Don’t just go to your own bank – look around for a good deal and do your pitch to various lenders. If nothing else, it will give you good practice! If you think you might have more of a chance of obtaining money from your own bank where you already have a strong relationship and good financial history, then don’t put it first on your list of visits – present your case to a few different lenders first to hone your presentation and persuasion skills to a tee!

Even if you can’t find a lender to give you money, there is a government programme that may be able to help. The Department of Trade and Industry offers a Small Firms Loan Guarantee, in which it offers three quarters of the borrowing amount to the lender as a security guarantee. In return, you must pay an annual fee (which will be a small percentage of the remaining loan amount) to the Department of Trade and Industry. Up to quarter of a million pounds can be borrowed over a maximum 10-year period.

Outside investors – often referred to as ‘business angels’, private investors are rich professionals, often successful entrepreneurs themselves, who are able to offer a great deal of capital in return for an expected large profit and dividends when the company starts to make money. The advantage of obtaining finance from an investor rather than a lender is that they will not expect any financial returns until your business is turning a profit. Also, as successful business owners themselves, they can be a valuable source of advice to guide you in the right direction with your company. A combination of investment and lending might be a good option. Your business will seem a much more attractive and secure prospect to lenders if you already have a sum of capital to back it up. Investors will no doubt have a level of influence and decision-making power in your company, though. Most will want to be kept informed of what is going on – they will want to protect and develop their investment, of course, so you will have a responsibility to them. Also, when you start to turn a profit, it will be divided among everyone who has invested so you won’t get the full whack. Finally, you’ll need to put forward a very good business case to attract an investor – these are very wise, shrewd and experienced entrepreneurs.

Government schemes – there’s a whole raft of options available to small business owners from the government and local authorities in the form of low-cost loans and grants – in fact far too many to mention here. Your local business enterprise centre, chamber of commerce or local council will be able to advise on what options are available for your type of business. The loans are usually offered at very reasonable rates and grants are of course non-repayable (although competition can be tough). Such incentives are often given to certain types of businesses in certain industries located in certain areas, particularly in areas that are being regenerated and in fields such as science, research or engineering.

In conclusion, the key message is that however you get the money you need for your business, you’ll need a very strong business plan – and you’ll need to practise your skills of presenting to ensure you make a good impression and a convincing case.

The presentation of the document itself is also important. Keep it clean, crisp and sharp. Use a business-like typeface, use colours sparingly and use spreadsheets to create neat graphics. Have someone else look over it for you when it’s done to check for mistakes. Print it on good paper and hold it together in a presentation folder or comb binding.

Don’t just plan to read out your business plan – people can do that for themselves. Turn it into a slick presentation with a strong argument for your case. Write down what you want to say and rehearse it several times – in front of a mirror at first and then to family or friends. Confidence is key and this will come with practice. Ensure that you know the details of your plan inside out, including the figures. You don’t want the facts to trip you up. It’s also a good idea to consider what questions investors or lenders might ask and how you can answer them confidently and convincingly.

Author: Benedict Rohan
Website: http://www.mortgagenation.co.uk
Benedict Rohan works as a freelance finance writer. Commercial Mortgage, Homeowner Loans, Remortgages

photo credit: sergeant killjoy

Do you treat your patents as a fence or a tollbooth? If you wish for your start-up technology company to obtain investment from or acquisition by a bigger player, you had better understand the difference.

Most start-up technology company entrepreneurs and CEO’s understand that patents can be key to establishing the value of a new business idea. Typically, entrepreneurs and CEO’s such as yourself will engage patent attorneys to build an IP portfolio that protects the start-up’s technology and products to the fullest extent possible. The motivation for this effort and expense is, of course, to to protect your start-up’s idea from use by others. As management of a start-up you may be seeking to build an ongoing business around the patented technology, but often the goal of building a solid patent portfolio is to make your business an attractive target for investment or acquisition by a larger company.

As an intellectual property and business strategist, I believe that such an inwardly focused patenting strategy is a misguided approach for companies that wish to obtain investment from or be acquired by larger companies. Why do I think this? Let me use a simple analogy.

Let’s say you have worked diligently for several months of weekends to get your yard perfect–and it is perfect. When you finish the yard, you realize that if someone walks on your lawn, perfection will be lost. So you put an expensive fence around your lawn–and it is the best expensive fence you can buy: a virtual masterpiece. But what good is the fence if no one wants to walk on your lawn anyway? You wasted all that money on the fence.

The great majority of patent seekers (including those at otherwise sophisticated large companies) believe that patents are best used to keep others off their “technology lawns”. As such, patents are generally focused inwardly–that is, on the patentee’s own technology or products. This is known as “defensive patenting”. Defensive patenting is a tried and true patent strategy, but it can be a poor choice for companies that wish to obtain investment from or be acquired by bigger players. Like the example above, if these bigger players have no interest in walking across your technology lawn, your defensive patent fence is a wasted expense.

So how does a technology start-up company such as yours get the attention of these big players? It is quite simple–by putting a patent fence around the big company’s technology lawn. When properly formulated and executed, this strategy (which is not surprisingly called “offensive patenting”) makes technology or products patented by your company an attractive target for a bigger player. Your company’s patent(s) will reduce or prevent the bigger player’s free movement in its desired business space. Such a savvy offensive patenting strategy effectively requires the bigger player to ask your start-up company for permission to play on its own technology lawn. Your start-up company can provide that permission in the form of a licensing of the patent(s) at issue or by sale of your company to the bigger player. Either way, the your start-up company is benefiting financially from this smart offensive patenting strategy.

Of course, if offensive patenting was easy, smart entrepreneurs and CEO’s such as yourself would already be executing on it in droves. In truth, however, offensive patenting can only be effective against big players through use of expert competitive patent and business intelligence. Such techniques have unfortunately not been readily accessible outside of the large corporate and investor environments.

This is changing, however, as more intellectual property professionals with corporate business experience, such as myself, are entering the consultancy business. I have been able to work with clients using patent filing data analysis to identify where a large company was likely going to be focusing its technology or product efforts in 3-5 years. Together, the clients and I will brainstorm a “next generation” improvement to that technology or product. We then will work with the client’s patent attorney to draft, file and prosecute patent applications that are directed toward reducing or preventing the large company’s future ability to freely compete in that business or technology space. The objective is to end up with the client owning patent(s) that would be infringed by the large company’s future business plans. Rather than change its business plans, the large company will pay a patent “toll” in the form of a license or acquisition of the client.

Admittedly, offensive patenting is a bit like looking into a business crystal ball. However, the information needed to successfully execute on this patent strategy is out there and, when collected and analyzed by the right person, it is actually hiding in plain sight. Experts believe that those who collect and act on available data are more likely to be successful in today’s data-driven economy. I believe that smart entrepreneurs and CEO’s of startup companies can achieve the investment or acquisition they want for their companies by collecting and analyzing patent filing data to make it necessary for big companies to pay for permission to play in their desired business spaces.

So stop thinking about patents as a fence, but instead as a toll booth. One can usually walk around a fence, but if the toll booth blocks the only road to a big company’s business destination, the toll is likely to be paid.

Jackie Hutter is Principal of The Hutter Group, a leading provider of IP (“Intellectual Property”) business counseling and competitive analytics to forward-thinking organizations that seek to maximize firm asset value by capitallizing on the power of intellectual property. She has over 13 years experience counseling innovation-driven companies, universities and business development and investment professionals in maximizing their firm intellectual asset value. Jackie was named a SuperLawyer(R) in Intellectual Property in Georgia in 2004, and she has been a frequent speaker on IP issues to her fellow lawyers. Jackie was formerly Senior Patent Counsel at a Georgia-Pacific LLC, where she had sole responsible for Dixie(R) patent matters and, later, the company’s Chemicals business.

Prior to joining Georgia-Pacific, Jackie was a shareholder at the prestigious IP firm of Needle & Rosenberg, PC (now Ballard & Spahr), where she represented mulit-national companies, universities and innovators in protecting their IP to create maximum asset value. Jackie has also been a patent and IP litigator, which gives her a unique perspective in how to maximize firm IP value by avoiding litigation. Prior to attending law school on a full academic scholarship and where she graduated with honors, Jackie obtained her M.S. in Pharmaceutical Sciences and she spent several years as practicing chemist at Helene Curtis (now Unilever). She is a named inventor on one U.S. patent. Jackie lives in Decatur, Georgia, in a groovy mid-Century modern house with her husband, 2 daughters and several pets.

photo credit: A. www.viajar24h.comThe number one issue on the plate for nearly everyone is the economic meltdown that occurred in 2008 and is carrying through to 2009. Although we here bad news in the media, most don’t describe the really ugly things occurring.

The Banks

2008 was a bad year for banks. Given what you hear on the news, most of us would think things were calming down. They are not. If anything, they are worse. For instance, are you area that regional banks are failing at a rate of more than one a week? How about the fact the federal government cranked $165 billion dollars into the 8 biggest American banks, but they still lost $418 billion in value? The latest estimates place the total capitalization of all banks in the US at 1.8 trillion dollars. That’s not bad until you realize the latest estimate of bad debt in the industry is 3.6 trillion dollars.

The facts spell out a fairly predictable path for banks in the coming months. The entire system appears to be insolvent. The federal government is the only entity with any money. It can’t let the banking system fail. The obvious choice is to nationalize the banks, close those that can’t be saved, recapitalize those that can and then launch the banks again as private entities traded on the stock markets. Taxpayers will take a bath, but there appears to be no other choice at this point.

Trade Protection Wars

The United States is the great consumer nation. By consuming like mad, we drive the world economy. Well, there is one problem. We are no longer consuming. Americans are worried and holding on to every penny they have. The cut back in spending is killing companies in the United States and causing massive job losses. The same is occurring overseas for China and other countries that import to the United States.

When a cycle like this starts occurring – reduced spending, job losses, more spending reductions – one thing always happens – protectionism. “We need jobs! Why should we be shipping jobs to India? China?” If you thought the immigration debate got people riled up, wait till this movement gets moving. If politicians fall in line with this way of thinking, then we can expect trade wars to break out.

The Good News

Unfortunately, there is a dearth of good news at the moment. Still, there are some hints that things are beginning to bottom out. Housing sales were up in December 2008. Financial gurus were surprised by this, but should not be. It was inevitable. The increase in sales signified a collective view that the bottom of the market has either been hit or is getting very close. How do we know this? Most of the buyers are investors. They are in the business of making money on property. When they start moving into the market, it is a signal that demand is going to increase. Is it a sign of a massive turn around? No, but it is a sign things may be stabilizing.

As predicted by many, 2009 is shaping up to be a rough year. If you are in financial straights or worried, it is a time to live frugally. 2010 should see a rebound, so getting there in as good a shape as possible should be your goal.

Stephen Teak writes about economic news for FactoringCompanyInformation.com – find a factoring company that will solve your small business cash flow problems with small business factoring.

photo credit: David Boyle in DC

How one writes a business plan in recessionary economy works differently. One needs to approach the business plan from a different perspective. And one must make special efforts to avoid errors that in a good economy one would conveniently get away with.

Fortunately, one can do several simple things to write a better, more realistic business plan in a recession:

Recession Business Planning Idea #1: De-grandiose-ize the Plan

In a frothy economy, one can find it easy to get over-excited about an opportunity or venture. And, in a sense, that’s may be good. Excitement, optimism and confidence can be contagious. If the entrepreneur or management team displays, say, excitement and confidence, those feelings can infect – in a good way – the perception of customers, vendors, investors, lenders, and employees.

In recession, however, probably one wants to be more cautious for a couple of reasons: First of all, in a sputtering or shrinking economy, one will have more trouble selling. Period. Customers and clients spend less on everything. And this “less cash for purchases” will particularly affect non-essential purchasing.

A second factor relates to the “less money for everything” issue: With fewer dollars to spend, customers and clients will logically require more time for and exercise more caution about their purchases. In other words, even if some customer does choose ultimately to buy a product, the customer may take six months longer to make the decision.

Recession Business Planning Idea #2: Focus on Cash Operating Profits

In a recession, businesses need to focus their business planning on maximizing cash operating profits.

This admonition sounds, perhaps, a little too obvious. But to make the point here stand out: Many business plans focus too much on the liquidity event… the transaction that allows the entrepreneur to exit the business at some point in the future with a generous financial windfall.

For example, the business plan may focus on doing the things perceived necessary to get to an initial public offering. Or the business plan may optimize some element of the business that in the past, large companies have used to value the small companies they buy. Like top-line sales revenue or customer counts.

When the economy is healthy, dreaming about and planning for “liquidity event” issues may make sense. Focusing on the “liquidity event” issues when major public corporations need government bailouts to make it through the next week is dumb.

Recession Business Planning Idea #3: Strip Out Geometric Growth Rates

Commonly, in business plans, the people forecasting revenue, profits and cash flow use geometric growth rates. In a good economy, one can often get away with an assumption of geometric growth. Maybe. But geometric growth rates don’t make sense in a recession.

A geometric growth rate says that some value in the business plan grows by a specified percent. For example, the business plan might assume revenues will grow (almost automatically) by 5% a year. Or that inflation will trigger annual (dependable) price adjustments of 3% for the foreseeable future. Or that customer counts will grow (magically) by 10% a year.

Geometric growth rates create exponential growth – and implicitly assume that the business will just always get better and better.

Note: The subprime mortgage meltdown that triggered the current economic crisis stemmed in part from people using geometric growth rates. Investors, lenders and policy makers assumed that home prices would continue to almost automatically, dependably, magically increase…

The alternative to a geometric growth rate is an arithmetic growth rate. With arithmetic growth, you assume that a value grows by a specific value. For example, a retailer assumes that revenues grow by $500,000 each time a new retail location is added.

Arithmetic growth assumptions provide two benefits to the business planner. Arithmetic growth removes exponential growth from the business plan. Arithmetic growth forces the entrepreneur to explain the details of what drives growth.

Recession Business Planning Idea #4: Do Serious Scenario Planning

In a recession – particularly in a recession that looks to be as bad and deep as the current one – the business planning process needs to include serious scenario planning.

Scenario planning means redoing the business plan for some crazy, nearly unimaginable event. Like deflation. Or the collapse of an entire industry. Or commodities prices rising or falling to levels not seen in recent history.

Scenario planning delivers two benefits: Thinking the unthinkable should give the entrepreneur the opportunity to avoid some kinds of risks. And thinking the unthinkable – if the worst case occurs – should mean the entrepreneur can more quickly respond to a threat.

A final comment: Scenario planning should not look only at bad scenarios–though that bias may be easy in the current economy. Some of the surprises we see in the coming months will be unimaginably good.

Seattle CPA Stephen L. Nelson is the author of the MBA’s Guide to Microsoft Excel, a reference for business users of Microsoft Excel, the Write a Business Plan web site, and the Limited Liability Incorporation Explained web site.

photo credit: jking89

Unless you happen to be planning to establish a charitable, non-profit organization of some type, the main reason why you may be interested in starting a business is to make a living or build wealth from the endeavor. For many people, the desire to “be your own boss” and escape from the shackles of traditional employment is part of the motivation, but the bottom line usually comes down to wanting some form of business financial success so that you are not living from paycheck to paycheck.

One of the most important things that you will do in your quest to enjoy business related financial success is to have a clear, detailed, and realistic business plan that will lay out a map for your progress in your new business. A well-done business plan will include financial projections, working capital management objectives, cash flows analysis, industry and competition analysis, a profile to target customers or a specific audience, and an outline of organizational and asset management ideas.

One of the common errors that a lot of new business people make, which contributes greatly to the high failure rate of new businesses, is not having a clear and complete picture of the marketplace in which they plan to compete. Spending some advance time in analyzing the industry and collecting enough pertinent information will give the entrepreneur a much better idea of what is needed in order to forge business financial success in a given field.

In most cases, when someone is looking to start a new business, they will need some type of start up, working capital to see them through until the business starts to make enough money to be self-sustaining, as well as to be able to pay out salaries. Because a new business has no track record of any kind and no net assets or financial statements to submit for a loan, the only business financial information that the lenders will be able to evaluate is the entrepreneur’s personal credit and total assets.

Even if you have excellent credit and current assets that you can borrow against in order to take out a loan to get your business started, a loan officer will still require a detailed business plan from you. Without a thorough business plan, your aspirations are nothing more than wishful thinking and your loan application won’t get very far in the process.

The lenders will want you to prove to them that you have a knowledgeable understanding of the industry you wish to enter, as well as sufficient management knowledge to be able to successfully take your business from inception, through the growth phases and into stability.

When an entrepreneur is heavily engaged in establishing and growing their own business, there is no doubt that it becomes a very personal endeavor. But often this perspective is just “too close” to be able to make important decisions that can lead to business financial success. However, when someone has taken the time to research and map out a clear and detailed business plan, this can help to overcome the challenges.

Enrich your knowledge further by reading more great business financial articles from Mike Selvon portal. We appreciate your feedback at our financial planning blog where a free gift awaits you.